Glossary of Terms

Annual Allowable Cut (AAC) - the volume of wood which can be harvested from an area each year on a sustainable yield basis. In Manitoba, AAC volumes are determined by the MC Forestry Branch.

Benchmark - something that serves as the standard by which others may be measured.

Biodiversity - The variability of life forms including diversity within species, and among species and their ecosystem.

Certificate of Reforestation - is provided by Manitoba Conservation to LP certifying that regeneration standards have been attained on specific harvest areas.

Conventional Logging - a logging system that includes chains saw operators and cable-line skidders.

Crown Land - forest lands owned by the Province of Manitoba.

Crown Other - a term used by LP in this document for summarizing hardwood delivered to the OSB mill that was harvested by a quota or permit holder.

Current Forest Condition - the composition, structure and age of a forest in its current condition. Such information is collected by aerial photography interpretation and fieldwork.

Cutblock - a designated area within which harvesting has been proposed or taken place.

Decision Rules - criteria that assist in solving complex problems; whether to accept or reject data and options, or how to proceed as changes are made.

Ecosystem Based Management - the development of management systems that attempt to simulate ecological processes. The goal of EBM is to maintain a satisfactory level of diversity in natural landscapes and their pattern of distribution in order to ensure the sustainability of forest ecosystems and forest ecosystem processes.

EMS - Environmental Management System: is an organized system of policies, practices and procedures that assists LP to manage and minimize the potential environmental effects of their management activities.

Existing Road Upgrade - Where an existing road or trail was utilized but significant road work was required to allow logging trucks to move efficiently and safely. (e.g. widening of right-of-way, “cat work”, grading etc.).

Forest Canopy - A layer or multiple layers of branches and foliage at the top or crown of a forest’s trees.

Forest Certification - awarded to a licensee of the forest who demonstrates compliance to a standard endorsed by the forestry community.

Forest Ecosystem Classification - a management oriented classification system for Manitoba Forests. It is intended to identify and describe accurately the major forest conditions in Manitoba including vegetation and soils types and management interpretations.

Forest Management License (FML) Area - the area in western Manitoba described within the Forest Management License Agreement between the Province of Manitoba and LP.

Forest Management Unit (FMU) - areas of the Province of Manitoba by the MC for the administration of the forest resource.

Forest Renewal - any project or all projects collectively that are aimed at establishing a new forest stand on a site following a disturbance.

Future Forest Condition - the estimated (predicted) composition, structure and age of a forest at some point in the future. Such conditions are estimated using computer models under different management scenarios.

Hardwood - tree species with the typical broad-leafed appearance. These tree species lose their foliage during the winter months. Species included in the hardwood group include: balsam poplar, trembling aspen, white birch, Manitoba maple, green ash and bur oak.

Historic Forest Condition - the composition, structure and age of the forest, as it has varied through time based on natural events.

Indicator - an element of the forest that may be directly affected by forest management activities, or may indicate the health of the forest.

Integrated Resource Management Team (IRMT) - a regional Manitoba Conservation team organized to review natural resource issues. They are comprised of members of the following branches: Forestry, Wildlife, Regional Operations, Lands, Fisheries, Water Resources, and Parks and Natural Areas.

Manitoba Conservation (MC) - the department of the Manitoba provincial government responsible for the administration and overseeing of the management of the natural resources on Crown lands. MC includes several branches each responsible for the administration of a particular segment of the natural resource. These branches include: Energy, Environment, Fisheries, Forestry, Land Information Division, Parks and Natural Areas, Petroleum, Sustainable Development, Water Resources, Wildlife, and the Conservation Data centre.

Mechanical Logging - a logging system that includes mechanical tree felling equipment and grapple skidders.

Model - A computer representation or simulation of real world systems or activities that is used to assist out understanding of complex natural systems.

New Road Construction - where no road or trail existed previously, requiring design , layout and complete construction. (e.g. Harvesting and stumping of right-of-way, cut and fill leveling, grading etc.)

Operating Area - a designated area used for the operational management of timber harvesting. These areas are often delineated based on natural features and or access routes.

Oriented Strand Board (OSB) - a type of particle board in which logs are processed by cutting strands tangentially from the longitudinal face of the log so the grains of the wood runs the length of the strand. Strands are bonded together with resins under heat and pressure.

Permanent Ecological Monitoring Plots (PSP) - a research plot that is established so that it can be relocated and conditions within it re-measured. Measurements in the plot are taken at establishment and repeated at intervals to monitor changes over time.

Pre-Harvest Silvicultural Prescriptions (PHSP) - a detailed site-specific management plan developed prior to harvesting.

Pre-Harvest Surveys (PHS) - a detailed site-specific assessment of a proposed cutblock conducted prior to harvest.

Quota Holders - parties other than LP that have been granted the right to harvest timber within FML # 3 area by the Government of Manitoba.

Roguing - removal of an undesirable tree family from within a seed orchard. Families are rogued if they do not display the desired characteristics for which they are being bred.

Silviculture - the science and practice of controlling the establishment composition, growth, health and quality of forests.

Site Preparation - the treatment of a harvest cutblock prior to planting to enhance the growth of desired tree species.

Softwood - conifer tree species with the typical “evergreen” appearance. Species included in this softwood group are black spruce, white spruce, jack pine, balsam fir and tamarack.

Stakeholders Advisory Committee (SAC) - a group of individuals representing the various stakeholders within the FML area. The SAC plays an integral role in the planning process by reviewing LP’s operating plans and Standard Operating Procedures. As well they bring local knowledge and concerns to LP’s planning process.

Sustainable Forestry - the management of forest ecosystems to maintain a healthy forest ecosystem which provides continuous, predictable flow of socio-economic benefits.

Timber Purchase Agreements (TPA) - for Crown land wood are entered into with third party operators who do not harvest for LP under the Company’s Independent Logging Contractor Agreement.

V-Type - vegetation type as described in the Forest ecosystem classification field guide.